本篇主要介绍了 Intel HDSLB 的基本运行原理和部署配置的方式，希望能够帮助读者们顺利的把 HDSLB-DPVS 项目 “玩” 起来。
在上一篇《 Intel HDSLB 高性能四层负载均衡器 — 快速入门和应用场景 》中，我们着重介绍了 HDSLB（High Density Scalable Load Balancer，高密度可扩展的负载均衡器）作为新一代高性能四层负载均衡器的需求定位、分析了 HDSLB 在云计算和边缘计算应用场景中的特性优势，以及解读了 HDSLB 的性能测试数据。
再进一步的，在本篇中我们主要关注 HDSLB 的基本运行原理和部署配置方式，更侧重于实际的操作。为了让更广泛的开发者们都能够快捷方便的对 HDSLB 展开研究，所以在本篇中会采用 HDSLB-DPVS 开源版本来进行介绍。
顾名思义，HDSLB-DPVS 是基于 DPVS 进行二次开发的项目。而 DPVS，又称为 DPDK-LVS，是一个参考了 LVS 内核态四层负载均衡器设计原理并基于 DPDK 用户态数据面加速框架进行开发的四层负载均衡器。可见，HDSLB-DPVS 的技术堆栈主要由以下 4 个部分组成：
要清晰的理解 HDSLB-DPVS 的基本实现原理，我们需要从头开始讲起。
LVS（Linux Virtual Server，Linux 虚拟服务器）是一个诞生于 1998 年的四层负载均衡器开源项目，其目标是使用 Local Balancer 技术和 Server Cluster 技术来实现一个具有良好可伸缩性（Scalability）、可靠性（Reliability）和可管理性（Manageability）的 Virtual Server。
现在来看，虽然 LVS 基于 Kernel 实现的数据面性能已经不合时宜，但在逻辑架构的设计层面，LVS 的核心术语依旧沿用至今，包括：
关于 LVS 更详细的内容，推荐阅读：《 LVS & Keepalived 实现 L4 高可用负载均衡器 》
随着 2010 年，IEEE 802.3 标准委员会发布了 40GbE 和 100GbE 802.3ba 以太网标准后，数据中心正式进入了 100G 时代。从那时起，Linux 内核协议栈的网络处理性能就一直备受挑战。先看几个数据：
但实际上，100G 网卡线速为 2 亿 PPS，即每个包处理的时间不能超过 50 纳秒。
可见，基于 Kernel 的数据面已经走到了拐点，DPDK 为此而生，并通过下列加速技术实现了 100G 线性转发。
关于 DPDK 更详细的内容，推荐阅读：《 DPDK — 数据加速方案的核心思想 》
综上，由于 LVS 的数据面是一个 Linux Kernel Module（ipvs），其性能无法满足现代化需求，所以国内公司 iqiyi 基于 DPDK 开发了 DPVS。值得一提的是，由于 DPVS 项目由国内公司开源和维护，所以其开源社区对中文开发者也会更加友好。
除了性能方面的优化之外，在功能层面，DPVS 也提供了更丰富的能力，包括：
在软件架构方面，DPVS 沿用了数据分离架构和基于 Keepalived 的 Master-Backup 高可用架构。
HDSLB-DPVS 和 DPVS 本身都作为高性能负载均衡器，那么两者的本质区别是什么呢？答案就是更强大的性能！
通常的，我们可以使用 RBP（Ratio of Bandwidth and Performance growth rate，带宽性能增速比）来定义网络带宽的增速比上 CPU 性能的增速，即：RBP=BW GR/Perf. GR。
如下图所示。2010 年前，网络的带宽年化增长大约是 30%，到 2015 年增长到 35%，然后在近年达到 45%。相对应的，CPU 的性能增长从 10 年前的 23%，下降到 12%，并在近年直接降低到 3.5%。在这 3 个时间段内，RBP 指标从 RBP～1 附近（I/O 压力尚未显现出来），上升到 RBP～3，并在近年超过了 RBP～10。
可见，CPU 几乎已经无法直接应对网络带宽的增速。而围绕 CPU 进行纯软件加速的 DPDK 框架正在面临挑战。
回到 DPVS 和 HDSLB-DPVS 的本质区别这个问题。在理论设计层面，DPVS 的目标是基于 DPDK 框架实现了软件层面的加速，而 HDSLB-DPVS 则更进一步的将这种加速融入到 CPU 和 NIC 互相结合的硬件平台之上，并实现了 “高密度” 和 “可扩展” 这 2 大目标：
实践方面，在最新型的 Intel Xeon CPU（e.g. 3rd & 4th generation）和 E810 100G NIC 硬件平台上，实现了：
对此，我们在《 Intel HDSLB 高性能四层负载均衡器 — 快速入门和应用场景 》文中已经对 HDSLB-DPVS 超越前代的性能数据进行了分析，这里不在赘述。
下面进入到实践环节，主要关注 HDSLB-DPVS 的编译、部署和配置。为了降低开发者门槛，所以本文主要使用了开发机低门槛配置来进行部署和调试。
| 物理测试机性能推荐 | 虚拟开发机低门槛推荐 | |
|---|---|---|
| CPU 架构 | Intel Xeon CPU 四代 | 支持 AVX512 系列指令集的 Intel CPU 型号，例如：Skylake 等 |
| CPU 资源 | 2NUMA，关闭超线程 | 1NUMA，4C |
| Memory 资源 | 128G | 16G |
| NIC 型号 | Intel E810 100G | VirtI/O 驱动，支持多队列 |
本文 CPU 信息：
$ lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
Address sizes: 46 bits physical, 57 bits virtual
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 2root@l4lb:~# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
Address sizes: 46 bits physical, 57 bits virtual
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 106
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8350C CPU @ 2.60GHz
Stepping: 6
CPU MHz: 2599.994
BogoMIPS: 5199.98
Hypervisor vendor: KVM
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 96 KiB
L1i cache: 64 KiB
L2 cache: 2.5 MiB
L3 cache: 48 MiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected
Vulnerability Mds: Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data: Vulnerable: Clear CPU buffers attempted, no microcode; SMT Host state unknown
Vulnerability Retbleed: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2: Vulnerable, IBPB: disabled, STIBP: disabled, PBRSB-eIBRS: Vulnerable
Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_ts
c arch_perfmon rep_good nopl xtopology cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_tim
er aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bm
i1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma clflushopt clwb avx512cd sha_ni avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xge
tbv1 xsaves arat avx512vbmi umip pku ospke avx512_vbmi2 gfni vaes vpclmulqdq avx512_vnni avx512_bitalg avx512_vpopcntdq rdpid arch_capabilities
值的注意的是，Ubuntu /boot 分区要大于 2G，避免出现内核升级故障问题。参考引用： https://askubuntu.com/questions/1207958/error-24-write-error-cannot-write-compressed-block
本文 OS 信息：
# 更新系统
$ sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
# Dev
$ sudo apt-get install git vim wget patch unzip -y
# popt
$ sudo apt-get install libpopt-dev -y
# NUMA
$ sudo apt-get install libnuma-dev -y
$ sudo apt-get install numactl -y
# Pcap
$ sudo apt-get install libpcap-dev -y
# SSL
$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev -y
# Kernel 5.4.0-136
$ uname -r
5.4.0-136-generic
$ ll /boot/vmlinuz*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Dec 27 2022 /boot/vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-5.4.0-136-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 13660416 Aug 10 2022 /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-125-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 13668608 Nov 24 2022 /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-136-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11657976 Apr 21 2020 /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Dec 27 2022 /boot/vmlinuz.old -> vmlinuz-5.4.0-125-generic
$ dpkg -l | egrep "linux-(signed|modules|image|headers)" | grep $(uname -r)
ii linux-headers-5.4.0-136-generic 5.4.0-136.153 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-5.4.0-136-generic 5.4.0-136.153 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-modules-5.4.0-136-generic 5.4.0-136.153 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-136-generic 5.4.0-136.153 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
# GCC 9.4.0
$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.4.0
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
# 文件描述符
$ ulimit -n 655350
$ echo "ulimit -n 655350" >> /etc/rc.local
$ chmod a+x /etc/rc.local
DPDK 安装部署的详细内容，推荐阅读：《 DPDK — 安装部署 》。
$ cd /root/
$ git clone https://github.com/intel/high-density-scalable-load-balancer hdslb
$ wget http://fast.dpdk.org/rel/dpdk-20.08.tar.xz
$ tar vxf dpdk-20.08.tar.xz
# 打补丁
$ cp hdslb/patch/dpdk-20.08/*.patch dpdk-20.08/
$ cd dpdk-20.08/
$ patch -p 1 < 0002-support-large_memory.patch
$ patch -p 1 < 0003-net-i40e-ice-support-rx-markid-ofb.patch
# 编译
$ make config T=x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc MAKE_PAUSE=n
$ make MAKE_PAUSE=n -j 4
HDSLB-DPVS 的编译安装过程中需要依赖许多 CPU 硬件加速指令，例如：AVX2、AVX512 等等。要编译成功，有 2 方面的要求：
$ cd dpdk-20.08/
$ export RTE_SDK=$PWD
$ cd hdslb/
$ chmod +x tools/keepalived/configure
# 编译安装
$ make -j 4
$ make install
在物理机测试环境中，大页内存应该尽可能的给，HDSLB 的 LB connect pool 需要分配大量的内存，这与实际的性能规格有直接关系。
$ mkdir /mnt/huge_1GB
$ mount -t hugetlbfs nodev /mnt/huge_1GB
$ vim /etc/fstab
nodev /mnt/huge_1GB hugetlbfs pagesize=1GB 0 0
$ # for NUMA machine
$ echo 15 > /sys/devices/system/node/node0/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages
$ vim /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT} default_hugepagesz=1G hugepagesz=1G hugepages=15"
$ sudo update-grub
$ init 6
$ cat /proc/meminfo | grep Huge
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
ShmemHugePages: 0 kB
FileHugePages: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 13
HugePages_Free: 13
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 1048576 kB
Hugetlb: 13631488 kB
$ free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 15Gi 13Gi 2.0Gi 2.0Mi 408Mi 2.2Gi
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
$ modprobe vfio-pci
$ modprobe vfio enable_unsafe_noiommu_mode=1 # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75840973/dpdk20-11-3-cannot-bind-device-to-vfio-pci
$ echo 1 > /sys/module/vfio/parameters/enable_unsafe_noiommu_mode
$ cd dpdk-20.08/
$ export RTE_SDK=$PWD
$ insmod ${RTE_SDK}/build/kmod/rte_kni.ko
$ ${RTE_SDK}/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py --status-dev net
Network devices using kernel driver
===================================
0000:01:00.0 'Virtio network device 1000' if=eth0 drv=virtio-pci unused=vfio-pci *Active*
0000:03:00.0 'Virtio network device 1000' if=eth1 drv=virtio-pci unused=vfio-pci
0000:04:00.0 'Virtio network device 1000' if=eth2 drv=virtio-pci unused=vfio-pci
$ ifconfig eth1 down # 0000:03:00.0
$ ifconfig eth2 down # 0000:04:00.0
$ ${RTE_SDK}/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py -b vfio-pci 0000:03:00.0 0000:04:00.0
$ ${RTE_SDK}/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py --status-dev net
Network devices using DPDK-compatible driver
============================================
0000:03:00.0 'Virtio network device 1000' drv=vfio-pci unused=
0000:04:00.0 'Virtio network device 1000' drv=vfio-pci unused=
Network devices using kernel driver
===================================
0000:01:00.0 'Virtio network device 1000' if=eth0 drv=virtio-pci unused=vfio-pci *Active*
$ cp conf/hdslb.conf.sample /etc/hdslb.conf
# 配置解析
$ cat /etc/hdslb.conf
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! This is hdslb default configuration file.
!
! The attribute "" denotes the configuration item at initialization stage. Item of
! this type is configured oneshoot and not reloadable. If invalid value configured in the
! file, hdslb would use its default value.
!
! Note that hdslb configuration file supports the following comment type:
! * line comment: using '#" or '!'
! * inline range comment: using '<' and '>', put comment in between
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! global config
global_defs {
log_level DEBUG # 方便调试
! log_file /var/log/hdslb.log
! log_async_mode on
}
! netif config
netif_defs {
pktpool_size 1048575
pktpool_cache 256
# LAN Interface 配置
device dpdk0 {
rx {
queue_number 3
descriptor_number 1024
! rss all
}
tx {
queue_number 3
descriptor_number 1024
}
fdir {
mode perfect
pballoc 64k
status matched
}
! promisc_mode
kni_name dpdk0.kni
}
# WAN Interface 配置
device dpdk1 {
rx {
queue_number 3
descriptor_number 1024
! rss all
}
tx {
queue_number 3
descriptor_number 1024
}
fdir {
mode perfect
pballoc 64k
status matched
}
! promisc_mode
kni_name dpdk1.kni
}
! bonding bond0 {
! mode 0
! slave dpdk0
! slave dpdk1
! primary dpdk0
! kni_name bond0.kni
!}
}
! worker config (lcores)
worker_defs {
# control plane CPU
worker cpu0 {
type master
cpu_id 0
}
# data plane CPU
# dpdk0、1 这 2 个 Port 的同一个收发队列共用同一个 CPU
worker cpu1 {
type slave
cpu_id 1
port dpdk0 {
rx_queue_ids 0
tx_queue_ids 0
! isol_rx_cpu_ids 9
! isol_rxq_ring_sz 1048576
}
port dpdk1 {
rx_queue_ids 0
tx_queue_ids 0
! isol_rx_cpu_ids 9
! isol_rxq_ring_sz 1048576
}
}
worker cpu2 {
type slave
cpu_id 2
port dpdk0 {
rx_queue_ids 1
tx_queue_ids 1
! isol_rx_cpu_ids 10
! isol_rxq_ring_sz 1048576
}
port dpdk1 {
rx_queue_ids 1
tx_queue_ids 1
! isol_rx_cpu_ids 10
! isol_rxq_ring_sz 1048576
}
}
worker cpu3 {
type slave
cpu_id 3
port dpdk0 {
rx_queue_ids 2
tx_queue_ids 2
! isol_rx_cpu_ids 11
! isol_rxq_ring_sz 1048576
}
port dpdk1 {
rx_queue_ids 2
tx_queue_ids 2
! isol_rx_cpu_ids 11
! isol_rxq_ring_sz 1048576
}
}
}
! timer config
timer_defs {
# cpu job loops to schedule dpdk timer management
schedule_interval 500
}
! hdslb neighbor config
neigh_defs {
unres_queue_length 128
timeout 60
}
! hdslb ipv4 config
ipv4_defs {
forwarding off
default_ttl 64
fragment {
bucket_number 4096
bucket_entries 16
max_entries 4096
ttl 1
}
}
! hdslb ipv6 config
ipv6_defs {
disable off
forwarding off
route6 {
method hlist
recycle_time 10
}
}
! control plane config
ctrl_defs {
lcore_msg {
ring_size 4096
sync_msg_timeout_us 30000000
priority_level low
}
ipc_msg {
unix_domain /var/run/hdslb_ctrl
}
}
! ipvs config
ipvs_defs {
conn {
conn_pool_size 2097152
conn_pool_cache 256
conn_init_timeout 30
! expire_quiescent_template
! fast_xmit_close
! redirect off
}
udp {
! defence_udp_drop
uoa_mode opp
uoa_max_trail 3
timeout {
normal 300
last 3
}
}
tcp {
! defence_tcp_drop
timeout {
none 2
established 90
syn_sent 3
syn_recv 30
fin_wait 7
time_wait 7
close 3
close_wait 7
last_ack 7
listen 120
synack 30
last 2
}
synproxy {
synack_options {
mss 1452
ttl 63
sack
! wscale
! timestamp
}
! defer_rs_syn
rs_syn_max_retry 3
ack_storm_thresh 10
max_ack_saved 3
conn_reuse_state {
close
time_wait
! fin_wait
! close_wait
! last_ack
}
}
}
}
! sa_pool config
sa_pool {
pool_hash_size 16
}
$ cd hdslb/
$ ./bin/hdslb
current thread affinity is set to F
EAL: Detected 4 lcore(s)
EAL: Detected 1 NUMA nodes
EAL: Multi-process socket /var/run/dpdk/rte/mp_socket
EAL: Selected IOVA mode 'PA'
EAL: Probing VFIO support...
EAL: VFIO support initialized
EAL: Invalid NUMA socket, default to 0
EAL: Probe PCI driver: net_virtio (1af4:1000) device: 0000:01:00.0 (socket 0)
EAL: Invalid NUMA socket, default to 0
EAL: Probe PCI driver: net_virtio (1af4:1000) device: 0000:03:00.0 (socket 0)
EAL: using IOMMU type 8 (No-IOMMU)
EAL: Ignore mapping IO port bar(0)
EAL: Invalid NUMA socket, default to 0
EAL: Probe PCI driver: net_virtio (1af4:1000) device: 0000:04:00.0 (socket 0)
EAL: Ignore mapping IO port bar(0)
EAL: No legacy callbacks, legacy socket not created
DPVS: HDSLB version: , build on 2024.05.24.14:37:02
CFG_FILE: Opening configuration file '/etc/hdslb.conf'.
CFG_FILE: log_level = WARNING
NETIF: dpdk0:rx_queue_number = 3
NETIF: dpdk1:rx_queue_number = 3
NETIF: worker cpu1:dpdk0 rx_queue_id += 0
NETIF: worker cpu1:dpdk0 tx_queue_id += 0
NETIF: worker cpu1:dpdk1 rx_queue_id += 0
NETIF: worker cpu1:dpdk1 tx_queue_id += 0
NETIF: worker cpu2:dpdk0 rx_queue_id += 1
NETIF: worker cpu2:dpdk0 tx_queue_id += 1
NETIF: worker cpu2:dpdk1 rx_queue_id += 1
NETIF: worker cpu2:dpdk1 tx_queue_id += 1
NETIF: worker cpu3:dpdk0 rx_queue_id += 2
NETIF: worker cpu3:dpdk0 tx_queue_id += 2
NETIF: worker cpu3:dpdk1 rx_queue_id += 2
NETIF: worker cpu3:dpdk1 tx_queue_id += 2
Kni: kni_add_dev: fail to set mac FA:27:00:00:0A:02 for dpdk0.kni: Timer expired
Kni: kni_add_dev: fail to set mac FA:27:00:00:0B:F6 for dpdk1.kni: Timer expired
HDSLB-DPVS 进程起来后，可以看见 2 个 DPDK Port 和对应的 2 个 KNI Interface。其中 DPDK Port 用于 LB 数据面转发，而 KNI 则用于 Keepalived HA 部署模式。
$ cd hdslb/bin/
$ ./dpip link show
1: dpdk0: socket 0 mtu 1500 rx-queue 3 tx-queue 3
UP 10000 Mbps half-duplex auto-nego
addr FA:27:00:00:0A:02 OF_TX_IP_CSUM
2: dpdk1: socket 0 mtu 1500 rx-queue 3 tx-queue 3
UP 10000 Mbps half-duplex auto-nego
addr FA:27:00:00:0B:F6 OF_TX_IP_CSUM
$ ip a
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether fa:27:00:00:00:c0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.4/25 brd 192.168.0.127 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f827:ff:fe00:c0/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
71: dpdk0.kni: mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether fa:27:00:00:0a:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
72: dpdk1.kni: mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether fa:27:00:00:0b:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
$ cd hdslb/bin
# add VIP to WAN interface
$ ./dpip addr add 10.0.0.100/32 dev dpdk1
# route for WAN/LAN access
$ ./dpip route add 10.0.0.0/16 dev dpdk1
$ ./dpip route add 192.168.100.0/24 dev dpdk0
# add routes for other network or default route if needed.
$ ./dpip route show
inet 10.0.0.100/32 via 0.0.0.0 src 0.0.0.0 dev dpdk1 mtu 1500 tos 0 scope host metric 0 proto auto
inet 192.168.100.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 src 0.0.0.0 dev dpdk0 mtu 1500 tos 0 scope link metric 0 proto auto
inet 10.0.0.0/16 via 0.0.0.0 src 0.0.0.0 dev dpdk1 mtu 1500 tos 0 scope link metric 0 proto auto
# add service to forwarding, scheduling mode is RR.
$ ./ipvsadm -A -t 10.0.0.100:80 -s rr
# add two RS for service, forwarding mode is FNAT (-b)
$ ./ipvsadm -a -t 10.0.0.100:80 -r 192.168.100.2 -b
$ ./ipvsadm -a -t 10.0.0.100:80 -r 192.168.100.3 -b
# add at least one Local-IP (LIP) for FNAT on LAN interface
$ ./ipvsadm --add-laddr -z 192.168.100.200 -t 10.0.0.100:80 -F dpdk0
# Check
$ ./ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 0.0.0 (size=0)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.0.0.100:80 rr
-> 192.168.100.2:80 FullNat 1 0 0
-> 192.168.100.3:80 FullNat 1 0 0
$ python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80
$ curl 10.0.0.100
问题 1 ：hdslb/tools/keepalived/configure 没有执行权限。
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/hdslb/src'
make[1]: Entering directory '/root/hdslb/tools'
if [ ! -f keepalived/Makefile ]; then \
cd keepalived && \
./configure && \
cd -; \
fi
/bin/sh: 3: ./configure: Permission denied
make[1]: *** [Makefile:29: keepalived_conf] Error 126
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/hdslb/tools'
make: *** [Makefile:33: all] Error 1
# 解决
$ chmod +x /root/hdslb/tools/keepalived/configure
问题 2 ：缺少配置文件
Cause: ports in DPDK RTE (2) != ports in dpvs.conf(0)
# 解决
$ cp conf/hdslb.conf.sample /etc/hdslb.conf
问题 3 ：开发机 2MB hugepage size 太小
Cause: Cannot init mbuf pool on socket 0
# 解决：把 hugepagesize 配置为 1G
# ref：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51630926/cannot-create-mbuf-pool-with-dpdk
问题 4 ：缺少 rte_kni 模块
Cause: add KNI port fail, exiting...
# 解决
$ insmod ${RTE_SDK}/build/kmod/rte_kni.ko
问题 5 ：开发机大页内存不够
Kni: kni_add_dev: fail to set mac FA:27:00:00:07:AA for dpdk0.kni: Timer expired
Kni: kni_add_dev: fail to set mac FA:27:00:00:00:E1 for dpdk1.kni: Timer expired
IPSET: ipset_init: lcore 3: nothing to do.
IPVS: dp_vs_conn_init: lcore 3: nothing to do.
IPVS: fail to init synproxy: no memory
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
# 解决：扩容到 15G。
问题 6 ：开发机网卡不支持 HDSLB-DPVS 需要的 hardware offloads 功能。
Kni: kni_add_dev: fail to set mac FA:27:00:00:0A:02 for dpdk0.kni: Timer expired
Kni: kni_add_dev: fail to set mac FA:27:00:00:0B:F6 for dpdk1.kni: Timer expired
Ethdev port_id=0 requested Rx offloads 0x62f doesn't match Rx offloads capabilities 0xa1d in rte_eth_dev_configure()
NETIF: netif_port_start: fail to config dpdk0
EAL: Error - exiting with code: 1
Cause: Start dpdk0 failed, skipping ...
# 解决：修改 netif 模块，不启动不支持的 offloads 功能。
static struct rte_eth_conf default_port_conf = {
.rxmode = {
......
.offloads = 0,
//.offloads = DEV_RX_OFFLOAD_CHECKSUM | DEV_RX_OFFLOAD_VLAN,
},
......
.txmode = {
......
.offloads = 0,
//.offloads = DEV_TX_OFFLOAD_IPV4_CKSUM | DEV_TX_OFFLOAD_UDP_CKSUM | DEV_TX_OFFLOAD_TCP_CKSUM | DEV_TX_OFFLOAD_MBUF_FAST_FREE,
},
NOTE：根据 DPDK 的文档，offloads mask 的每个 bit 都代表了特定的卸载功能。以下 0-15bit 对应的 Features：
问题 7 ：开发机网络不支持 RSS 多队列。valid value: 0x0 表示当前网卡不支持任何 RSS 哈希函数。
Kni: kni_add_dev: fail to set mac FA:27:00:00:0A:02 for dpdk0.kni: Timer expired
Kni: kni_add_dev: fail to set mac FA:27:00:00:0B:F6 for dpdk1.kni: Timer expired
Ethdev port_id=0 invalid rss_hf: 0x3afbc, valid value: 0x0
NETIF: netif_port_start: fail to config dpdk0
EAL: Error - exiting with code: 1
Cause: Start dpdk0 failed, skipping ...
# 解决方式 1：使用支持 multi-queues 和 RSS hash 的网卡。
# 解决方式 2：修改 netif 模块，不启动 multi-queues 和 RSS hash 功能。
static struct rte_eth_conf default_port_conf = {
.rxmode = {
//.mq_mode = ETH_MQ_RX_RSS,
.mq_mode = ETH_MQ_RX_NONE,
......
},
.rx_adv_conf = {
.rss_conf = {
.rss_key = NULL,
//.rss_hf = /*ETH_RSS_IP*/ ETH_RSS_TCP,
.rss_hf = 0
},
},
......
port->dev_conf.rx_adv_conf.rss_conf.rss_hf = 0;
问题 8 ：不支持多播地址配置
Kni: kni_add_dev: fail to set mac FA:27:00:00:0A:02 for dpdk0.kni: Timer expired
Kni: kni_add_dev: fail to set mac FA:27:00:00:0B:F6 for dpdk1.kni: Timer expired
NETIF: multicast address add failed for device dpdk0
EAL: Error - exiting with code: 1
Cause: Start dpdk0 failed, skipping ...
# 解决：关闭多播功能
//ret = idev_add_mcast_init(port);
//if (ret != EDPVS_OK) {
// RTE_LOG(WARNING, NETIF, "multicast address add failed for device %s\n", port->name);
// return ret;
//}
问题 9 ：LB connect pool 内存太小，程序崩溃退出。
$ ./ipvsadm -A -t 10.0.0.100:80 -s rr
[sockopt_msg_recv] socket msg header recv error -- 0/88 recieved
IPVS: lb_conn_hash_table_init: lcore 0: create conn_hash_tbl failed. Requested size: 1073741824 bytes. LB_CONN_CACHE_LINES_DEF: 1, LB_CONN_TBL_SIZE: 16777216
# 解决方式 1：继续加大页内存到实际需要的大小。
# 解决方式 2：
# 1）：释放一个 lcore 的大页内存
# 2）：调小 DPVS_CONN_POOL_SIZE_DEF 从 2097152 减少到 1048576
//#define DPVS_CONN_POOL_SIZE_DEF 2097152
#define DPVS_CONN_POOL_SIZE_DEF 1048576
问题 10 ：编译器版本低缺少编译指令。
error: inlining failed in call to always_inline "'_mm256_cmpeq_epi64_mask':" : target specific option mismatch
# 解决：
# 1）升级 GCC 版本到 9.4.0
# 2）确定 CPU 支持指令集。ref：https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/intrinsics-guide/index.html#expand=3828,301,2553&text=_mm256_cmpeq_epi64_mask&ig_expand=872
值得注意的是上述问题记录是笔者在低配开发机中调试程序时所遇见的问题，实际上在一个资源充足的物理测试机上通常不会出现由于资源不足导致的大部分问题。
最后，本篇主要介绍了 Intel HDSLB 的基本运行原理和部署配置的方式，希望能够帮助读者们顺利的把 HDSLB-DPVS 项目 “玩” 起来。后面，我们将再次开发机环境的基础之上，通过《Intel HDSLB 高性能四层负载均衡器 — 高级特性和代码剖析》，继续深入挖掘 HDSLB-DPVS 的高级特性、软件架构分析和代码解读。敬请继续期待。：）
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